The Dreyfus Affair

Pseudo-documentary compiled by Lumière cameraman Francis Doublier in 1898: a stitched reel of unrelated actuality clips narrated as scenes from the Dreyfus case (trial, imprisonment, transport). Shown in Russia under producer Ivan Grunwald, it predated Méliès’s 1899 dramatic series and is cited as an early example of “reconstructed” or deceptive news film.